Programmable Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation: A Modulation Approach for the Generation of Controllable Magnetic Stimuli

Objective: A transcranial magnetic stimulation system with programmable stimulus pulses and patterns is presented. The of the implemented expand beyond conventional damped cosine or near-rectangular approach an arbitrary waveform. Methods: desired waveform shape defined as a reference signal. This signal controls semiconductor switches H-bridge inverter to generate high-power imitation reference. design uses new paradigm for TMS, applying pulse-width modulation non-resonant, high-frequency switching architecture synthesize waveforms that leverages low-pass filtering properties neuronal cells. technique enables control waveform, frequency, pattern, intensity stimulus. Results: prototype was developed demonstrate technique. experimental measurements capable generating stimuli up 4 kHz peak voltage current values ±1000 V ±3600 A, respectively. maximum transferred energy measured in validation 100.4 Joules. To characterize repetitive TMS modalities, efficiency consecutive pulse triplets quadruplets interstimulus intervals 1 ms tested verified. Conclusion: device can rectangular predetermined time interval, widths polarities, synthesis wide range stimuli. Significance: New promise functional advantages over generated by current-generation systems clinical neuroscience research.